Nokia Corporation is a multinational Finnish telecommunications company. Became the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer in 1998, it remains so until 2011 before losing the following year its world number one title in favor of Samsung. On September 3, 2013, Nokia broke away from its declining mobile handset division, which was taken over by Microsoft and re-focused its business on its network division Nokia Solutions and Networks4. In October 2014, Microsoft chose to stop marketing its smartphones under the Nokia5 brand. In 2016, the company, owner of the Nokia brand, chooses to entrust its use for mobile phone terminals to the Finnish company HMD Global Oy, founded by former executives of Nokia corporation and who now designs and markets phones. mobiles and Nokia smartphones on Android.
Etymology
The origin of the Finnish Nokia term is obscure. The most common assumption is that it comes from the ancient name of sable used to designate all dark-furred animals. However, sable has never lived in Finland and the term could refer to beaver6. Anyway, Nokia gave its name to a big river, the Nokianvirta (literally "Nokia River"), located in the west of Finland, on which was founded the Nokia city where the company settled.
History
Nokia's story begins with Finnish mining engineer Fredrik Idestam embarking on the paper industry at a time when the demand for paper is growing and rags, the raw material for making paper, can not meet the demand. to this request. He received the authorization on May 12, 1865 by the Senate to create a pulp mill on the banks of the Tammerkoski and gets supplies of wood from the forests of the taiga. In 1869 he created a second factory in the city of Nokia (his river Nokianvirta providing greater hydropower), giving the name "Nokia Ab7" to his company in 18718.
Nokia is gradually investing in different sectors: the rubber industry with the Suomen Gummitehdas Oy (company producing galoshes, tires, now known as Nokian tires), the cable industry with the Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy, this The three companies were jointly owned since 1922 and officially merged in 1967, forming the Nokia9 group.
In the 1970s, the firm launched into televisions, but continues to be a conglomerate "touch to everything" of modest size [ref. necessary].
In 1981, Nokia launched its MikroMikko family of microcomputers through its Nokia Data division. She released her MikroMikko 1 only 48 days after the release of IBM PC / XT. Will follow a range of MikroMikko compatible PCs, and laptops. In 1987, Nokia acquired the Data Systems division of Sweden's Ericsson and continued its production in microcomputers. In the wake of the economic depression of Finland in the early 1990s, Nokia separated from many of its unprofitable subsidiaries to focus more on telecommunications. In 1991, it sold its branch Nokia Data to the British ICL (International Computers Limited), which will later be taken over by the Japanese Fujitsu, and which will become Fujitsu Siemens Computers [ref. necessary].
The opening of the Finnish telecommunications market to competition (creation of the mobile phone standard Nordic Mobile Telephone) gives Nokia the opportunity to diversify in this sector. He created in 1987 the compact phone Mobira Cityman 900 (ref. necessary].
1990s: mobile telephony
In 1992, the brand took off when the group made a strategic choice to get rid of all its activities to focus solely on mobile phones, still in its infancy. The group is betting that the mobile phone can reach hundreds of millions of people around the world, as long as its price drops sufficiently. At the time, most telecommunications companies believe that mobile technology, already known and developed, can only benefit a limited audience9.
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